Economic Justice In The Quran (A Study of Ḥassan Ḥanafi s Hermeneutical Method)

Since human applied his intelligence and labor to exploitation and utilization of natural sources which finally purposed to fulfill necessities in life, there was begun human economic activity. However, economic activity which is not in line with social welfare aim and prefers to individual interest will affect to inequity distribution of income, while, the Qur ān orders us to do justice in every field of human life including in economic. Unfortunately, we know that economic welfare is only in hand part of people while another part in suffering. Talking about economic justice is more interesting when we encounter to the figure of Ḥassan Ḥanafi. He is one of Islamic thinker who has a very serious concern to world civilization, especially Islamic civilization. Ḥanafi notes us that there are internal and external factors caused Muslim world getting backwardness. Stagnation in actualizing of Islamic inheritance is becoming internal factor, while, external factors are in the form of imperialism, Zionism, and capitalism. Muslim fronted to the threat of global imperialism, which he calls new crusade . In economic field, it is in the form of multi-national corporations. In cultural sector, it appears in the form of westernization. Those finally led him to produce a set of the Qur ān methodology that is closer to humanitarian problems such as poverty, oppression, and injustice. In this research, the writer tries to understand comprehensively Ḥanafi‟s interpretation about al-Māl in the Qur ān , in which the term is the most representative in talking economic problem. For analyzing Ḥanafi s interpretation, the writer uses descriptive-analytical method and reproductive hermeneutical method by considering to aspect of psychological empathy in which the writer stands to transposition himself into text creation process (works or ideas of the author) and author‟s feeling, and then describes full result of transposition. The result is a portrait of psychological condition in a certain historical context, and epistemological empathy in which the writer understands meaning of symbols generated by the author as close as possible dealing with the author‟s intense. The empathized here is mental world that underlying works, such as spirit of times, collective themes, and color of author‟s thought. All are aimed at actualization of historical texts to contemporary. Finally, the writer concludes that according Ḥassan Ḥanafi, economic justice can be realized through three steps, and they are: being of individual consciousness, being of social consciousness, and being of state consciousness.